The W_1+∞ effective theory of the Calogero-Sutherland model and Luttinger systems

We construct the effective field theory of the Calogero-Sutherland model in the thermodynamic limit of large number of particles N. It is given by a W_1+∞ conformal field theory (with central charge c = 1) that describes exactly the spatial density fluctuations arising from the low-energy excitations about the Fermi surface. Our approach does not rely on the integrable character of the model, and indicates how to extend previous results to any order in powers of 1 N. Moreover, the same effective theory can also be used to describe an entire universality class of (1 + 1)-dimensional fermionic systems beyond the Calogero-Sutherland model, which we identify with the class of chiral Luttinger systems. We also explain how a systematic bosonization procedure can be performed using the W_1+∞ generators, and propose this algebraic approach to classify low-dimensional non-relativistic fermionic systems, given that all representations of W_1+∞ are known. This approach has the appeal of being mathematically complete and physically intuitive, encoding the picture suggested by Luttinger's theorem.