TY - JOUR
T1 - The effect of occasional smoking on smoking-related cancers
T2 - In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
AU - Bjerregaard, Bine Kjøller
AU - Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole
AU - Sørensen, Mette
AU - Frederiksen, Kirsten
AU - Tjønneland, Anne
AU - Rohrmann, Sabine
AU - Linseisen, Jakob
AU - Bergman, Manuela M.
AU - Boeing, Heiner
AU - Sieri, Sabina
AU - Palli, Domenico
AU - Tumino, Rosario
AU - Sacerdote, Carlotta
AU - Bueno-De-Mesquita, H. Bas
AU - Büchner, Frederike L.
AU - Gram, Inger Torhild
AU - Braaten, Tonje
AU - Lund, Eiliv
AU - Hallmans, Göran
AU - Ågren, Åsa
AU - Riboli, Elio
PY - 2006/12
Y1 - 2006/12
N2 - Objective: Most studies on tobacco smoking have focused on daily-smokers. Occasional smokers, who have never smoked daily, have often been included in the reference group of never-smokers. We have investigated the association between occasional smoking and cancer of the bladder, kidney, pancreas, upper aero-digestive tract and lung. Methods: The study population consisted of 158,488 persons, who provided information on occasional smoking, within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), 780 of whom developed a smoking-related cancer. We used Cox proportional hazard model, stratified by gender and country to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) for smoking-related cancers. Results: The results suggest that occasional smokers have a higher risk of bladder cancer (IRR: 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-3.98) and of the major smoking-related cancers combined (IRR: 1.24, 95% CI 0.80-1.94) than true never-smokers. Including occasional smokers in the reference group resulted in a lower risk estimate for former and current smokers. Conclusions: Occasional smoking should be discouraged.
AB - Objective: Most studies on tobacco smoking have focused on daily-smokers. Occasional smokers, who have never smoked daily, have often been included in the reference group of never-smokers. We have investigated the association between occasional smoking and cancer of the bladder, kidney, pancreas, upper aero-digestive tract and lung. Methods: The study population consisted of 158,488 persons, who provided information on occasional smoking, within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), 780 of whom developed a smoking-related cancer. We used Cox proportional hazard model, stratified by gender and country to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) for smoking-related cancers. Results: The results suggest that occasional smokers have a higher risk of bladder cancer (IRR: 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-3.98) and of the major smoking-related cancers combined (IRR: 1.24, 95% CI 0.80-1.94) than true never-smokers. Including occasional smokers in the reference group resulted in a lower risk estimate for former and current smokers. Conclusions: Occasional smoking should be discouraged.
KW - Cancer
KW - Cohort Study
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Tobacco smoke
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/33751113283
U2 - 10.1007/s10552-006-0068-9
DO - 10.1007/s10552-006-0068-9
M3 - Article
SN - 0957-5243
VL - 17
SP - 1305
EP - 1309
JO - Cancer Causes and Control
JF - Cancer Causes and Control
IS - 10
ER -
