TY - JOUR
T1 - The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization
AU - Mantovani, Alberto
AU - Sica, Antonio
AU - Sozzani, Silvano
AU - Allavena, Paola
AU - Vecchi, Annunciata
AU - Locati, Massimo
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Italian Association for Cancer Research, MIUR (FIRB, COFIN and CNR funding), Fondo Interno per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica (FIRST), Ministero della Salute and European Commission.
PY - 2004/12
Y1 - 2004/12
N2 - Plasticity and functional polarization are hallmarks of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Here we review emerging key properties of different forms of macrophage activation and polarization (M1, M2a, M2b, M2c), which represent extremes of a continuum. In particular, recent evidence suggests that differential modulation of the chemokine system integrates polarized macrophages in pathways of resistance to, or promotion of, microbial pathogens and tumors, or immunoregulation, tissue repair and remodeling.
AB - Plasticity and functional polarization are hallmarks of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Here we review emerging key properties of different forms of macrophage activation and polarization (M1, M2a, M2b, M2c), which represent extremes of a continuum. In particular, recent evidence suggests that differential modulation of the chemokine system integrates polarized macrophages in pathways of resistance to, or promotion of, microbial pathogens and tumors, or immunoregulation, tissue repair and remodeling.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=7644231561&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.it.2004.09.015
DO - 10.1016/j.it.2004.09.015
M3 - Review article
SN - 1471-4906
VL - 25
SP - 677
EP - 686
JO - Trends in Immunology
JF - Trends in Immunology
IS - 12
ER -