Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR) Predicts 28-Day and 90-Day Mortality in Emergency Department Patients with Chest Pain, Dyspnoea, or Abdominal Pain

Background: Early stratification of patients at emergency department (ED) admission is crucial. The soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has emerged as a promising biomarker to identify the worsening of different clinical conditions. We aimed at evaluating whether baseline suPAR values predict 28-day and 90-day mortality in patients presenting to the ED with different conditions. Methods: In this prospective observational study, we enrolled patients with dyspnoea (D), chest pain (CP), and abdominal pain (AP). suPAR levels, together with clinical and laboratory data, were recorded at ED admission. The data collected included 28-day and 90-day mortality data, as well as 28-day and 90-day hospital readmission; and their correlation with suPAR values was assessed. Results: We enrolled 298 consecutive patients (CP 23.8%, D 31.9%, AP 44.3%). suPAR was significantly higher in patients with dyspnoea, compared to both patients with chest and abdominal pain (5.50 [3.50–8.60], 3.20 [2.30–4.10], 3.20 [2.33–4.48] ng/mL, respectively; p < 0.001). suPAR plasmatic levels were also higher in patients admitted to semi-intensive or intensive care units compared to other patients (4.10 [3.15–8.05] vs. 3.50 [2.55–5.50] ng/mL, respectively; p = 0.049). suPAR levels were significantly higher in patients dead at 28 days than in survivors (12.65 [9.83–18.53] vs. 3.60 [2.60–5.48] ng/mL, respectively; p < 0.001). Using the stepwise logistic regression analysis, only suPAR emerged as an independent predictor of 28-day mortality with an odds ratio of 1.31 (95% CI 1.10–1.56). Conclusions: Baseline suPAR levels are an independent predictor of mortality in ED patients with chest pain, dyspnoea, or abdominal pain.