TY - JOUR
T1 - Skeletal muscle-gut axis
T2 - Emerging mechanisms of sarcopenia for intestinal and extra intestinal diseases
AU - De Sire, Roberto
AU - Rizzatti, Gianenrico
AU - Ingravalle, Fabio
AU - Pizzoferrato, Marco
AU - Petito, Valentina
AU - Lopetuso, Loris
AU - Graziani, Cristina
AU - De Sire, Alessandro
AU - Mentella, Maria Chiara
AU - Mele, Maria Cristina
AU - Gasbarrini, Antonio
AU - Scaldaferri, Franco
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 EDIZIONIMINERVAMEDICA.
PY - 2018/12
Y1 - 2018/12
N2 - In recent years, there has been an increasing interest on muscle wasting, considering the reduction of quality of life and the increase of morbidity and mortality associated. Sarcopenia and cachexia represent two conditions of reduction of muscle mass, sharing several elements involved in their pathogenesis, such as systemic inflammation, impaired muscle protein synthesis, increased muscle apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle tissue and insulin resistance. These features often characterize cancer, inactivity or denervation, but also inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal failure, cardiac failure, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and aging in general. The gastrointestinal tract and gut microbiota are thought to be deeply associated with muscle function and metabolism, although the exact mechanisms that link gut with skeletal muscle are still not well known. This review summarized the potential pathways linking gut with muscle, in particular in conditions as sarcopenia and cachexia. The main emerging pathways implicated in the skeletal muscle-gut axis are: the myostatin/activin signaling pathway, the IGF1/ PI3K/AKT/mTORsignaling pathway, which results suppressed, the NF-kB signaling pathway and the FOXOsignaling pathway. Further researches in this field are necessary to better explain the linkage between gut microbiota and muscle wasting and the possible emerging therapies associated.
AB - In recent years, there has been an increasing interest on muscle wasting, considering the reduction of quality of life and the increase of morbidity and mortality associated. Sarcopenia and cachexia represent two conditions of reduction of muscle mass, sharing several elements involved in their pathogenesis, such as systemic inflammation, impaired muscle protein synthesis, increased muscle apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle tissue and insulin resistance. These features often characterize cancer, inactivity or denervation, but also inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal failure, cardiac failure, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and aging in general. The gastrointestinal tract and gut microbiota are thought to be deeply associated with muscle function and metabolism, although the exact mechanisms that link gut with skeletal muscle are still not well known. This review summarized the potential pathways linking gut with muscle, in particular in conditions as sarcopenia and cachexia. The main emerging pathways implicated in the skeletal muscle-gut axis are: the myostatin/activin signaling pathway, the IGF1/ PI3K/AKT/mTORsignaling pathway, which results suppressed, the NF-kB signaling pathway and the FOXOsignaling pathway. Further researches in this field are necessary to better explain the linkage between gut microbiota and muscle wasting and the possible emerging therapies associated.
KW - Cachexia
KW - Gastrointestinal microbiome
KW - Microbiota
KW - Muscle strength
KW - Sarcopenia
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85054783237&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.23736/S1121-421X.18.02511-4
DO - 10.23736/S1121-421X.18.02511-4
M3 - Review article
SN - 1121-421X
VL - 64
SP - 351
EP - 362
JO - Minerva Gastroenterologica e Dietologica
JF - Minerva Gastroenterologica e Dietologica
IS - 4
ER -