Risk factors and outcome in falls

Falls are associated with many adverse health outcomes, including injury, fractures, debility and death. Attention must be focused on neurological diseases as a major and increasing risk factor for falls: in fact, stance problems and gait disturbances are frequent symptoms in these clinical conditions. In addition, prevention of fractures is necessary and is aimed at reducing the risk of falling and preventing the development of osteoporosis. Screening is the first step in preventing future falls and major injuries that can result from falling. A multifactorial fall assessment on a patient is required, followed by appropriate treatment: given the multifactorial nature of many falls, this often requires an interdisciplinary approach which may include medical treatment, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, dietetic support and clinical psychology interventions for anxiety and fear of falling.