Redistribution in a joint income–wealth perspective: A cross-country comparison

Redistribution is usually understood in terms of income, as a resource used to rank individuals as well as determine tax liabilities or benefit entitlements. Yet, it is increasingly argued that more prominence should be given to the joint distribution of income and wealth and interest into the taxation of wealth for redistributive purposes has largely increased. By including income and wealth data from the Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey into the tax–benefit microsimulation model EUROMOD, we add two novel aspects to the literature. First, we include the analysis of taxes on wealth and wealth transfers. Second, we evaluate redistributive effects of tax–benefit systems against the joint income–wealth distribution instead of income only. We show that expressing living standards in terms of both income and wealth results in considerable reranking of individuals, which in turn leads to a lower redistributive impact of tax–benefit systems than is traditionally considered.