TY - JOUR
T1 - Polydopamine Blending Increases Human Cell Proliferation in Gelatin–Xanthan Gum 3D-Printed Hydrogel
AU - Yerra, Preetham
AU - Migliario, Mario
AU - Gino, Sarah
AU - Sabbatini, Maurizio
AU - Bignotto, Monica
AU - Invernizzi, Marco
AU - Renò, Filippo
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 by the authors.
PY - 2024/2
Y1 - 2024/2
N2 - Background: Gelatin–xanthan gum (Gel–Xnt) hydrogel has been previously modified to improve its printability; now, to increase its ability for use as cell-laden 3D scaffolds (bioink), polydopamine (PDA), a biocompatible, antibacterial, adhesive, and antioxidant mussel-inspired biopolymer, has been added (1–3% v/v) to hydrogel. Methods: Control (CT) and PDA-blended hydrogels were used to print 1 cm2 grids. The hydrogels’ printability, moisture, swelling, hydrolysis, and porosity were tested after glutaraldehyde (GTA) crosslinking, while biocompatibility was tested using primary human-derived skin fibroblasts and spontaneously immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Keratinocyte or fibroblast suspension (100 µL, 2.5 × 105 cells) was combined with an uncrosslinked CT and PDA blended hydrogel to fabricate cylinders (0.5 cm high, 1 cm wide). These cylinders were then cross-linked and incubated for 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. The presence of cells within various hydrogels was assessed using optical microscopy. Results and discussion: PDA blending did not modify the hydrogel printability or physiochemical characteristics, suggesting that PDA did not interfere with GTA crosslinking. On the other hand, PDA presence strongly accelerated and increased both fibroblast and keratinocyte growth inside. This effect seemed to be linked to the adhesive abilities of PDA, which improve cell adhesion and, in turn, proliferation. Conclusions: The simple PDA blending method described could help in obtaining a new bioink for the development of innovative 3D-printed wound dressings.
AB - Background: Gelatin–xanthan gum (Gel–Xnt) hydrogel has been previously modified to improve its printability; now, to increase its ability for use as cell-laden 3D scaffolds (bioink), polydopamine (PDA), a biocompatible, antibacterial, adhesive, and antioxidant mussel-inspired biopolymer, has been added (1–3% v/v) to hydrogel. Methods: Control (CT) and PDA-blended hydrogels were used to print 1 cm2 grids. The hydrogels’ printability, moisture, swelling, hydrolysis, and porosity were tested after glutaraldehyde (GTA) crosslinking, while biocompatibility was tested using primary human-derived skin fibroblasts and spontaneously immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Keratinocyte or fibroblast suspension (100 µL, 2.5 × 105 cells) was combined with an uncrosslinked CT and PDA blended hydrogel to fabricate cylinders (0.5 cm high, 1 cm wide). These cylinders were then cross-linked and incubated for 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. The presence of cells within various hydrogels was assessed using optical microscopy. Results and discussion: PDA blending did not modify the hydrogel printability or physiochemical characteristics, suggesting that PDA did not interfere with GTA crosslinking. On the other hand, PDA presence strongly accelerated and increased both fibroblast and keratinocyte growth inside. This effect seemed to be linked to the adhesive abilities of PDA, which improve cell adhesion and, in turn, proliferation. Conclusions: The simple PDA blending method described could help in obtaining a new bioink for the development of innovative 3D-printed wound dressings.
KW - bioprinting
KW - cell proliferation
KW - fibroblast
KW - hydrogel
KW - keratinocyte
KW - polydopamine
KW - skin wound healing
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85187280550&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/gels10020145
DO - 10.3390/gels10020145
M3 - Article
SN - 2310-2861
VL - 10
JO - Gels
JF - Gels
IS - 2
M1 - 145
ER -