NAADP activates a Ca²⁺ current that is dependent on F-actin cytoskeleton

Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is involved in the Ca2+ response observed at fertilization in several species, including starfish. In this study, we have employed Ca2+ imaging and the single-electrode voltage-clamp technique to investigate whether the NAADP-mediated Ca2+ entry discovered in our laboratory in starfish oocytes was underlain by a membrane current and whether the response to NAADP required an intact cytoskeleton. Uncaging of preinjected NAADP evoked a cortical Ca2+ flash that was followed by the spreading of the wave to the remainder of the cell. No Ca2+ increase was detected in Ca2+-free sea water. Under voltage-clamp conditions, the photoliberation of NAADP activated an inward rectifying membrane current, which reversed at potentials more positive than +50 mV and was abolished by removal of Ca2+ but not of Na+. The current was affected by preincubation with verapamil, SKF 96356, and thapsigargin but not by preinjection of heparin, 8-NH2- cyclic ADP-ribose, or both antagonists. The membrane current and the Ca2+ wave were inhibited by latrunculin-A and jasplakinolide, which depolymerize and stabilize actin cytoskeleton, respectively. These data offer the first demonstration that NAADP initiates a Ca2+ sweep by activating a Ca2+-permeable membrane current that requires an intact F-actin cytoskeleton as other Ca2+-permeable currents, such as ICRAC and IARC.