@article{dbe18637fb454fff8e5a5ebade197193,
title = "Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer in 15 European cohorts within the ESCAPE project",
abstract = "BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence on the association between ambient air pollution and breast cancer risk is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer in European women. METHODS: In 15 cohorts from nine European countries, individual estimates of air pollution levels at the residence were estimated by standardized land-use regression models developed within the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) and Transport related Air Pollution and Health impacts - Integrated Methodologies for Assessing Particulate Matter (TRANSPHORM) projects: particulate matter (PM) ≤2:5 μm, ≤10 μm, and 2:5–10 μm in diameter (PM2:5, PM10, and PMcoarse, respectively); PM2:5 absorbance; nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NOx); traffic intensity; and elemental composition of PM. We estimated cohort-specific associations between breast cancer and air pollutants using Cox regression models, adjusting for major lifestyle risk factors, and pooled cohort-specific estimates using random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: Of 74,750 postmenopausal women included in the study, 3,612 developed breast cancer during 991,353 person-years of follow-up. We found positive and statistically insignificant associations between breast cancer and PM2:5 {hazard ratio (HR) =1:08 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77, 1.51] per 5 μg/m3 }, PM10 [1.07 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.30) per 10 μg/m3 ], PMcoarse [1.20 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.49 per 5 μg/m3 ], and NO2 [1.02 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.07 per 10 μg/m3 ], and a statistically significant association with NOx [1.04 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.08) per 20 μg/m3, p =0:04]. CONCLUSIONS: We found suggestive evidence of an association between ambient air pollution and incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer in European women.",
keywords = "Aged, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Breast Neoplasms, Cohort Studies, Environmental Exposure, Europe, Female, Humans, Incidence, Middle Aged, Postmenopause, Aged, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Breast Neoplasms, Cohort Studies, Environmental Exposure, Europe, Female, Humans, Incidence, Middle Aged, Postmenopause",
author = "Andersen, {Z. J.} and M. Stafoggia and G. Weinmayr and M. Pedersen and C. Galassi and Jorgensen, {J. T.} and A. Oudin and B. Forsberg and D. Olsson and B. Oftedal and Aasvang, {G. M.} and G. Aamodt and A. Pyko and G. Pershagen and M. Korek and de, {Faire U.} and Pedersen, {N. L.} and Ostenson, {C. -G.} and L. Fratiglioni and Eriksen, {K. T.} and A. Tjonneland and Peeters, {P. H.} and B. Bueno-De-Mesquita and M. Plusquin and Key, {T. J.} and A. Jaensch and G. Nagel and A. Lang and M. Wang and Tsai, {M. -Y.} and A. Fournier and Boutron-Ruault, {M. -C.} and L. Baglietto and S. Grioni and A. Marcon and V. Krogh and F. Ricceri and Carlotta SACERDOTE and E. Migliore and I. Tamayo-Uria and P. Amiano and M. Dorronsoro and R. Vermeulen and R. Sokhi and M. Keuken and de, {Hoogh K.} and R. Beelen and P. Vineis and G. Cesaroni and B. Brunekreef and G. Hoek and O. Raaschou-Nielsen",
year = "2017",
doi = "10.1289/EHP1742",
language = "English",
volume = "125",
pages = "1--14",
journal = "Environmental Health Perspectives",
issn = "0091-6765",
publisher = "Public Health Services, US Dept of Health and Human Services",
number = "10:107005",
}