Intraoperative transrectal ultrasonography for hysteroscopic metroplasty: Feasibility and safety

The primary objective of this prospective comparative nonrandomized study was to assess the feasibility and safety of intraoperative transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) during hysteroscopic metroplasty (HM). The secondary objective of the study was to assess whether TRUS facilitates complete removal of the uterine septum. Septate uterus was diagnosed by 3- dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography (3D-TVS) and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. In the control group (HM group; n = 18), patients underwent HM according to the traditional standard of operative hysteroscopy. In the study group (HM+TRUS group; n = 27), HM and TRUS were performed simultaneously; the hysteroscopic procedure was continued until a normal uterine fundus was observed. At 6 to 8 weeks after HM, 3D-TVS was performed to identify the numbers of complete resections (residual septum absent or < 5 mm), suboptimal resections (residual septum 5-10 mm), and incomplete resections (residual septum > 10 mm). The 2 study groups did not differ significantly in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics, or in the volume of fluid infused and absorbed. There were no severe intraoperative or postoperative complication in either group; 2 patients in the HM+TRUS group and 1 patient in the HM group experienced urinary tract infection (p = .807). At 6 to 8 weeks after HM, the number of suboptimal resections and incomplete resections was higher in the HM group than in the HM+TRUS group (p = .031). Residual septum > 10 mm (incomplete resection) was seen in 1 patient in the HM group but in no patients in the HM+TRUS group. Intraoperative TRUS can be performed safely during HM, and may increase the likelihood of complete resection of the uterine septum; however, this finding should be confirmed by larger studies.