TY - JOUR
T1 - Intake estimation of total and individual flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins and theaflavins, their food sources and determinants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study
AU - Knaze, Viktoria
AU - Zamora-Ros, Raul
AU - Luján-Barroso, Leila
AU - Romieu, Isabelle
AU - Scalbert, Augustin
AU - Slimani, Nadia
AU - Riboli, Elio
AU - Van Rossum, Caroline T.M.
AU - Bueno-De-Mesquita, H. Bas
AU - Trichopoulou, Antonia
AU - Dilis, Vardis
AU - Tsiotas, Konstantinos
AU - Skeie, Guri
AU - Engeset, Dagrun
AU - Ramón Quirós, J.
AU - Molina, Esther
AU - Huerta, José María
AU - Crowe, Francesca
AU - Wirfäl, Elisabet
AU - Ericson, Ulrika
AU - Peeters, Petra H.M.
AU - Kaaks, Rudolf
AU - Teucher, Birgit
AU - Johansson, Gerd
AU - Johansson, Ingegerd
AU - Tumino, Rosario
AU - Boeing, Heiner
AU - Drogan, Dagmar
AU - Amiano, Pilar
AU - Mattiello, Amalia
AU - Khaw, Kay Tee
AU - Luben, Robert
AU - Krogh, Vittorio
AU - Ardanáz, Eva
AU - Sacerdote, Carlotta
AU - Salvini, Simonetta
AU - Overvad, Kim
AU - Tjønneland, Anne
AU - Olsen, Anja
AU - Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine
AU - Fagherazzi, Guy
AU - Perquier, Florence
AU - González, Carlos A.
PY - 2012/9/28
Y1 - 2012/9/28
N2 - Epidemiological studies suggest health-protective effects of flavan-3-ols and their derived compounds on chronic diseases. The present study aimed to estimate dietary flavan-3-ol, proanthocyanidin (PA) and theaflavin intakes, their food sources and potential determinants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration cohort. Dietary data were collected using a standardised 24h dietary recall software administered to 36037 subjects aged 35-74 years. Dietary data were linked with a flavanoid food composition database compiled from the latest US Department of Agriculture and Phenol-Explorer databases and expanded to include recipes, estimations and retention factors. Total flavan-3-ol intake was the highest in UK Health-conscious men (453.6mg/d) and women of UK General population (377.6mg/d), while the intake was the lowest in Greece (men: 160.5mg/d; women: 124.8mg/d). Monomer intake was the highest in UK General population (men: 213.5mg/d; women: 178.6mg/d) and the lowest in Greece (men: 26.6mg/d in men; women: 20.7mg/d). Theaflavin intake was the highest in UK General population (men: 29.3mg/d; women: 25.3mg/d) and close to zero in Greece and Spain. PA intake was the highest in Asturias (men: 455.2mg/d) and San Sebastian (women: 253mg/d), while being the lowest in Greece (men: 134.6mg/d; women: 101.0mg/d). Except for the UK, non-citrus fruits (apples/pears) were the highest contributors to the total flavan-3-ol intake. Tea was the main contributor of total flavan-3-ols in the UK. Flavan-3-ol, PA and theaflavin intakes were significantly different among all assessed groups. This study showed heterogeneity in flavan-3-ol, PA and theaflavin intake throughout the EPIC countries.
AB - Epidemiological studies suggest health-protective effects of flavan-3-ols and their derived compounds on chronic diseases. The present study aimed to estimate dietary flavan-3-ol, proanthocyanidin (PA) and theaflavin intakes, their food sources and potential determinants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration cohort. Dietary data were collected using a standardised 24h dietary recall software administered to 36037 subjects aged 35-74 years. Dietary data were linked with a flavanoid food composition database compiled from the latest US Department of Agriculture and Phenol-Explorer databases and expanded to include recipes, estimations and retention factors. Total flavan-3-ol intake was the highest in UK Health-conscious men (453.6mg/d) and women of UK General population (377.6mg/d), while the intake was the lowest in Greece (men: 160.5mg/d; women: 124.8mg/d). Monomer intake was the highest in UK General population (men: 213.5mg/d; women: 178.6mg/d) and the lowest in Greece (men: 26.6mg/d in men; women: 20.7mg/d). Theaflavin intake was the highest in UK General population (men: 29.3mg/d; women: 25.3mg/d) and close to zero in Greece and Spain. PA intake was the highest in Asturias (men: 455.2mg/d) and San Sebastian (women: 253mg/d), while being the lowest in Greece (men: 134.6mg/d; women: 101.0mg/d). Except for the UK, non-citrus fruits (apples/pears) were the highest contributors to the total flavan-3-ol intake. Tea was the main contributor of total flavan-3-ols in the UK. Flavan-3-ol, PA and theaflavin intakes were significantly different among all assessed groups. This study showed heterogeneity in flavan-3-ol, PA and theaflavin intake throughout the EPIC countries.
KW - European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Europe
KW - Flavan-3-ols
KW - Intake
KW - Proanthocyanidins
KW - Theaflavins
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84866130599&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1017/S0007114511006386
DO - 10.1017/S0007114511006386
M3 - Review article
SN - 0007-1145
VL - 108
SP - 1095
EP - 1108
JO - British Journal of Nutrition
JF - British Journal of Nutrition
IS - 6
ER -
