Inspiratory muscle unloading by neurally adjucted ventilatory assist during maximal inspiratory efforts in healthy subjects

Background: Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a mode of mechanical ventilation in which the ventilator is controlled by the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi). During maximal inspirations, the pressure delivered can theoretically reach extreme levels that may cause harm to the lungs. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether NAVA could efficiently unload the respiratory muscles during maximal inspiratory efforts, and if a high level of NAVA would suppress EAdi without increasing lung-distending pressures. Method: In awake healthy subjects (n = 9), NAVA was applied at increasing levels in a stepwise fashion during quiet bireathing and maximal inspirations. EAdi and airway pressure (Paw), esophageal pressure (Pes), and gastric pressure, flow, and volume were measured. Results: During maximal inspirations with a high NAVA level, peak Paw was 37.1 ± 11.0 cm H₂O (mean ± SD). TMs reduced Pes deflections from - 14.2 ± 2.7 to 2.3 ± 2.3 cm H₂O (p < 0.001) and EAdi to 43 ± 7% (p < 0.001), compared to maximal inspirations with no assist. At high NAVA levels, inspiratory capacity showed a modest increase of 11 ± 11% (p = 0.024). Conclusion: In healthy subjects, NAVA can safely and efficiently unload the respiratory muscles during maximal inspiratory maneuvers, without failing to cycle-off ventilatory assist and without causing excessive lung distention. Despite maximal unloading of the diaphragm at high levels of NAVA, EAdi is still present and able to control the ventilator.