In vivo experimental study on bone regeneration in critical bone defects using an injectable biodegradable PLA/PGA copolymer

An assessment was done of the bone-healing rate after implantation of a polylactide/polyglycolide copolymer (PLA-PGA) 50/50 dispersed in aqueous solution of PGA and dextran, used as bone substitutes in an animal model. Two groups of 5 rabbits each were used. In both the femoral condyles, a critical size defect of 6 x 10 mm was made. On the right side PLA/PGA was inserted; the left side remained empty. Thirty and 90 days after surgery the animals were killed. Defects left unfilled showed no spontaneous healing after 30 and 90 days. Sites filled with experimental materials showed new bone ranging between 11.46% and 76.82% after 30 days, and 75.98% and 95.34% after 90 days. Histomorphometry showed an increase in bone maturation between day 30 and 90 in experimental sites. At day 90, no statistical difference was seen as compared to normal bone. PLA/PGA copolymer dispersed in hydrosoluble matrix seems to be suitable as osteoconductive material in critical size defects.