TY - JOUR
T1 - Gemcitabine, epirubicin and paclitaxel
T2 - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions in advanced breast cancer
AU - Fogli, S.
AU - Danesi, R.
AU - Gennari, A.
AU - Donati, S.
AU - Conte, P. F.
AU - Del Tacca, M.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by unrestricted research grant from Eli Lilly (Italy).
PY - 2002
Y1 - 2002
N2 - Background: The objectives of this study were to investigate the disposition of gemcitabine, epirubicin, paclitaxel, 2′,2′-difluorodeoxyuridine and epirubicinol, and characterize the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of treatment in patients with breast cancer. Patients and methods: The drug dispostion in 15 patients who received gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2, epirubicin 90 mg/m2 and paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 (GEP) on day 1 of a 21-day cycle, was compared with that of patients treated with epirubicin 90 mg/m2 and paclitaxel 175 mg/m2(EP, n = 6) and epirubicin 90 mg/m2 alone (n = 6). Drug and metabolite levels in plasma and urine were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography and parameters of drug exposure were related to hematological toxicity by a sigmoid-maximum effect (Emax) model. Results: Paclitaxel administration significantly increased the epirubicinol area under the concentration-time curve, from 357 ± 146 (epirubicin) to 603 ± 107 (EP) and 640 ± 81 h × ng/ml (GEP), and reduced the renal clearance of epirubicin and epirubicinol by 38 and 52.2% and 34.5 and 53% in GEP-and EP-treated patients, respectively, compared with epirubicin alone. Gemcitabine had no apparent effect on paclitaxel and epirubicin pharmacokinetics, and renal clearance of epirubicin and epirubicinol. The only pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship observed was between neutropenia and the time spent above the threshold plasma level of 0.1 μmol/l (tC0.1) of paclitaxel, with the time required to obtain a 50% decrease in neutrophil count (Et50) of GEP being 7.8 h, similar to that of EP. Conclusions: Paclitaxel and/or its vehicle, Cremophor EL, interferes with the disposition and renal excretion of epirubicin and epirubicinol; gemcitabine has no affect on epirubicin and paclitaxel plasma pharmacokinetics and renal excretion of epirubicin, while neutropenia is not enhanced by gemcitabine.
AB - Background: The objectives of this study were to investigate the disposition of gemcitabine, epirubicin, paclitaxel, 2′,2′-difluorodeoxyuridine and epirubicinol, and characterize the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of treatment in patients with breast cancer. Patients and methods: The drug dispostion in 15 patients who received gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2, epirubicin 90 mg/m2 and paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 (GEP) on day 1 of a 21-day cycle, was compared with that of patients treated with epirubicin 90 mg/m2 and paclitaxel 175 mg/m2(EP, n = 6) and epirubicin 90 mg/m2 alone (n = 6). Drug and metabolite levels in plasma and urine were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography and parameters of drug exposure were related to hematological toxicity by a sigmoid-maximum effect (Emax) model. Results: Paclitaxel administration significantly increased the epirubicinol area under the concentration-time curve, from 357 ± 146 (epirubicin) to 603 ± 107 (EP) and 640 ± 81 h × ng/ml (GEP), and reduced the renal clearance of epirubicin and epirubicinol by 38 and 52.2% and 34.5 and 53% in GEP-and EP-treated patients, respectively, compared with epirubicin alone. Gemcitabine had no apparent effect on paclitaxel and epirubicin pharmacokinetics, and renal clearance of epirubicin and epirubicinol. The only pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship observed was between neutropenia and the time spent above the threshold plasma level of 0.1 μmol/l (tC0.1) of paclitaxel, with the time required to obtain a 50% decrease in neutrophil count (Et50) of GEP being 7.8 h, similar to that of EP. Conclusions: Paclitaxel and/or its vehicle, Cremophor EL, interferes with the disposition and renal excretion of epirubicin and epirubicinol; gemcitabine has no affect on epirubicin and paclitaxel plasma pharmacokinetics and renal excretion of epirubicin, while neutropenia is not enhanced by gemcitabine.
KW - Bone marrow
KW - Drug interactions
KW - Gemcitabine-epirubicin-paclitaxel
KW - Pharmacokinetics
KW - Toxicity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0035990106&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/annonc/mdf164
DO - 10.1093/annonc/mdf164
M3 - Article
SN - 0923-7534
VL - 13
SP - 919
EP - 927
JO - Annals of Oncology
JF - Annals of Oncology
IS - 6
ER -