Functional coronary angiography to indicate and guide revascularization in STEMI patients with multivessel disease: Rationale and design of the AIR-STEMI trial

Background: Complete revascularization has been shown to be superior to culprit-only treatment in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel disease. However, it remains unclear whether complete revascularization should be guided by coronary physiology or conventional angiography. Angiography-derived physiology may allow functional assessment and procedural guidance using angiograms from primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), potentially maximizing the benefits of a physiology-guided approach. We present the design of a dedicated study that will address this research gap. Methods and Design: The Functional Coronary Angiography to Indicate and Guide Revascularization in STEMI Patients with Multivessel Disease (AIR-STEMI) trial is a prospective, randomized, international, multicenter, open-label study with blinded adjudicated evaluation of outcomes. After successful treatment of the culprit lesion, patients will be randomized to receive PCI of the nonculprit lesions guided by conventional angiography or by angiography-derived fractional flow reserve (FFR). The primary endpoint is the composite endpoint of all-cause death, any myocardial infarction (MI), any cerebrovascular accident, or any revascularization. It will be censored once the last enrolled patient reaches 1-year follow-up. The secondary endpoint will be the composite of cardiovascular death or MI and each single component of the primary endpoint. All endpoints will be tested also at 3 and 5 years. The sample size for the study is a minimum of 1,800 patients. Implications: The AIR-STEMI trial will provide novel evidence on whether a specific complete revascularization strategy should be applied to patients with STEMI and multivessel disease to improve their clinical outcomes. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05818475.