TY - JOUR
T1 - Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
AU - Lefaucheur, Jean Pascal
AU - André-Obadia, Nathalie
AU - Antal, Andrea
AU - Ayache, Samar S.
AU - Baeken, Chris
AU - Benninger, David H.
AU - Cantello, Roberto M.
AU - Cincotta, Massimo
AU - de Carvalho, Mamede
AU - De Ridder, Dirk
AU - Devanne, Hervé
AU - Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo
AU - Filipović, Saša R.
AU - Hummel, Friedhelm C.
AU - Jääskeläinen, Satu K.
AU - Kimiskidis, Vasilios K.
AU - Koch, Giacomo
AU - Langguth, Berthold
AU - Nyffeler, Thomas
AU - Oliviero, Antonio
AU - Padberg, Frank
AU - Poulet, Emmanuel
AU - Rossi, Simone
AU - Rossini, Paolo Maria
AU - Rothwell, John C.
AU - Schönfeldt-Lecuona, Carlos
AU - Siebner, Hartwig R.
AU - Slotema, Christina W.
AU - Stagg, Charlotte J.
AU - Valls-Sole, Josep
AU - Ziemann, Ulf
AU - Paulus, Walter
AU - Garcia-Larrea, Luis
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - A group of European experts was commissioned to establish guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) from evidence published up until March 2014, regarding pain, movement disorders, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, consciousness disorders, tinnitus, depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, craving/addiction, and conversion. Despite unavoidable inhomogeneities, there is a sufficient body of evidence to accept with level A (definite efficacy) the analgesic effect of high-frequency (HF) rTMS of the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the pain and the antidepressant effect of HF-rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). A Level B recommendation (probable efficacy) is proposed for the antidepressant effect of low-frequency (LF) rTMS of the right DLPFC, HF-rTMS of the left DLPFC for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and LF-rTMS of contralesional M1 in chronic motor stroke. The effects of rTMS in a number of indications reach level C (possible efficacy), including LF-rTMS of the left temporoparietal cortex in tinnitus and auditory hallucinations. It remains to determine how to optimize rTMS protocols and techniques to give them relevance in routine clinical practice. In addition, professionals carrying out rTMS protocols should undergo rigorous training to ensure the quality of the technical realization, guarantee the proper care of patients, and maximize the chances of success. Under these conditions, the therapeutic use of rTMS should be able to develop in the coming years.
AB - A group of European experts was commissioned to establish guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) from evidence published up until March 2014, regarding pain, movement disorders, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, consciousness disorders, tinnitus, depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, craving/addiction, and conversion. Despite unavoidable inhomogeneities, there is a sufficient body of evidence to accept with level A (definite efficacy) the analgesic effect of high-frequency (HF) rTMS of the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the pain and the antidepressant effect of HF-rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). A Level B recommendation (probable efficacy) is proposed for the antidepressant effect of low-frequency (LF) rTMS of the right DLPFC, HF-rTMS of the left DLPFC for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and LF-rTMS of contralesional M1 in chronic motor stroke. The effects of rTMS in a number of indications reach level C (possible efficacy), including LF-rTMS of the left temporoparietal cortex in tinnitus and auditory hallucinations. It remains to determine how to optimize rTMS protocols and techniques to give them relevance in routine clinical practice. In addition, professionals carrying out rTMS protocols should undergo rigorous training to ensure the quality of the technical realization, guarantee the proper care of patients, and maximize the chances of success. Under these conditions, the therapeutic use of rTMS should be able to develop in the coming years.
KW - Cortex
KW - Indication
KW - Neurological disease
KW - Neuromodulation
KW - Noninvasive brain stimulation
KW - Psychiatric disease
KW - TMS
KW - Treatment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84927691583&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.05.021
DO - 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.05.021
M3 - Review article
SN - 1388-2457
VL - 125
SP - 2150
EP - 2206
JO - Clinical Neurophysiology
JF - Clinical Neurophysiology
IS - 11
ER -