TY - JOUR
T1 - Development and validation of a UHPLC-MS/MS method for the identification of irinotecan photodegradation products in water samples
AU - Gosetti, Fabio
AU - Belay, Masho Hilawie
AU - Marengo, Emilio
AU - Robotti, Elisa
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Authors
PY - 2020/1
Y1 - 2020/1
N2 - Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a water-soluble anticancer drug widely used to treat several types of cancer. Even if the metabolites of CPT-11 are well-known and investigated, only limited information is available in the literature about the formation of photo-degradation products that can naturally originate from sunlight irradiation when the drug is released in aqueous systems. CTP-11 solutions at 10.0 mg L−1 were irradiated by simulated sunlight. The intensity of the drug decreased by 90% after 7.5 days of irradiation and no significant reduction of absorbance values was observed after 13 days. A sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed employing a hybrid triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometer, that is able to work in data-dependent acquisition mode and to obtain information about the compounds formed during the photoirradiation. Moreover, a selected reaction monitoring method was built using the MS/MS fragmentation pattern of the compounds previously investigated. The method was validated considering LOD, LOQ, linearity, precision, selectivity, recovery and matrix effect. LOD and LOQ values were 0.02 and 0.05 ng mL−1, respectively, whereas MDL and MQL values in real water samples (river water, groundwater, well water, and wastewater) were lower than 0.05 and 0.2 ng mL−1, respectively. Eight photodegradation products were identified, among which five for the first time. Based on the MS and MS/MS fragmentation, the chemical structures of the degradation products were proposed. Hydrolysis experiments were carried out on the same solutions preserved in the dark, but no formation of other species was highlighted. The method was applied to several real samples: CPT-11 was detected and quantified only in a hospital effluent sample at the concentration of 0.41 ± 0.2 ng mL−1 together with the occurrence of PDP3. The outcomes of this study may be useful for updating the pollutant screening in water samples.
AB - Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a water-soluble anticancer drug widely used to treat several types of cancer. Even if the metabolites of CPT-11 are well-known and investigated, only limited information is available in the literature about the formation of photo-degradation products that can naturally originate from sunlight irradiation when the drug is released in aqueous systems. CTP-11 solutions at 10.0 mg L−1 were irradiated by simulated sunlight. The intensity of the drug decreased by 90% after 7.5 days of irradiation and no significant reduction of absorbance values was observed after 13 days. A sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed employing a hybrid triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometer, that is able to work in data-dependent acquisition mode and to obtain information about the compounds formed during the photoirradiation. Moreover, a selected reaction monitoring method was built using the MS/MS fragmentation pattern of the compounds previously investigated. The method was validated considering LOD, LOQ, linearity, precision, selectivity, recovery and matrix effect. LOD and LOQ values were 0.02 and 0.05 ng mL−1, respectively, whereas MDL and MQL values in real water samples (river water, groundwater, well water, and wastewater) were lower than 0.05 and 0.2 ng mL−1, respectively. Eight photodegradation products were identified, among which five for the first time. Based on the MS and MS/MS fragmentation, the chemical structures of the degradation products were proposed. Hydrolysis experiments were carried out on the same solutions preserved in the dark, but no formation of other species was highlighted. The method was applied to several real samples: CPT-11 was detected and quantified only in a hospital effluent sample at the concentration of 0.41 ± 0.2 ng mL−1 together with the occurrence of PDP3. The outcomes of this study may be useful for updating the pollutant screening in water samples.
KW - CPT-11
KW - Irinotecan
KW - Photodegradation products
KW - UHPLC-MS
KW - Water
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85074416605&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113370
DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113370
M3 - Article
SN - 0269-7491
VL - 256
JO - Environmental Pollution
JF - Environmental Pollution
M1 - 113370
ER -