Congenital sensorineural hearing loss and inborn pigmentary disorders: First report of multilocus syndrome in piebaldism

Laura Cristina Gironi, Enrico Colombo, Alfredo Brusco, Enrico Grosso, Valeria Giorgia Naretto, Andrea Guala, Eleonora Di Gregorio, Andrea Zonta, Francesca Zottarelli, Barbara Pasini, Paola Savoia

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Abstract

Congenital sensorineural hearing loss may occur in association with inborn pigmentary defects of the iris, hair, and skin. These conditions, named auditory-pigmentary disorders (APDs), represent extremely heterogeneous hereditary diseases, including Waardenburg syndromes, oculocutaneous albinism, Tietz syndrome, and piebaldism. APDs are part of the neurocristopathies, a group of congenital multisystem disorders caused by an altered development of the neural crest cells, multipotent progenitors of a wide variety of different lineages, including those differentiating into peripheral nervous system glial cells and melanocytes. We report on clinical and genetic findings of two monozygotic twins from a large Albanian family who showed a complex phenotype featured by sensorineural congenital deafness, severe neuropsychiatric impairment, and inborn pigmentary defects of hair and skin. The genetic analyzes identified, in both probands, an unreported co-occurrence of a new heterozygous germline pathogenic variant (c.2484 + 5G > T splicing mutation) in the KIT gene, consistent with the diagnosis of piebaldism, and a heterozygous deletion at chromosome 15q13.3, responsible for the neuropsychiatric impairment. This case represents the first worldwide report of dual locus inherited syndrome in piebald patients affected by a complex auditory-pigmentary multisystem phenotype. Here we also synthesize the clinical and genetic findings of all known neurocristopathies characterized by a hypopigmentary congenital disorder.

Lingua originaleInglese
Numero di articolo345
RivistaMedicina (Lithuania)
Volume55
Numero di pubblicazione7
DOI
Stato di pubblicazionePubblicato - lug 2019

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