Clinical use of ivabradine in the acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review and narrative synthesis of current evidence

Heart rate (HR) lowering during acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is beneficial as it reduces myocardial oxygen consumption. However, the role of ivabradine as an HR-lowering agent in the setting of ACS is not clear. We aimed to systematically review and synthesize the current evidence on the role of ivabradine use in the ACS. A systematic review was conducted for eligible randomized clinical trials and quasi-experimental studies, between 2009 and 2020, that investigated the use of ivabradine in ACS. Various clinical endpoints were evaluated such as major adverse cardiovascular events, efficacy in HR control, impact on left ventricular (LV) dimensions and function, and overall safety. Eleven publications were included encompassing a total of 1833 patients. The mean age of the examined cohort was 57 +/- 11 years and 80 % were men. Seven studies were in the setting of STsegment elevation myocardial infarction (MI) while the remaining studies also included patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation MI. Ivabradine was administered as a peroral drug with dosing from 2.5 to 7.5 mg b.i.d. Overall, the addition of ivabradine was superior to the control arm concerning HR control with a good safety profile. Beneficial effects on LV function and potential impact on infarct size reduction were observed as well. The use of ivabradine appeared to not affect short-term mortality. In conclusion, the use of ivabradine for HR control is safe, feasible, and efficacious for HR control in the ACS. Further studies are required to elucidate other potentially beneficial effects of ivabradine.