Carbohydrases treatment on blueberry pomace: Influence on chemical composition and bioactive potential

This study provides a comprehensive chemical characterization of blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.) pomace subjected to hydrolysis using carbohydrases (xylanase, cellulase and Extralyve (R)). (R) ). Blueberry pomace obtained from the juice industry represents a rich source of insoluble dietary fiber, which holds potential for the liberation of oligosaccharides and phenolic compounds. Oligosaccharides were determined using HPLC-RID and change in phenolics were monitored by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS. Out of three enzymatic preparations, Extralyve (R), (R), which represents a commercial blend of xylanase, cellulase and polygalacturonase, demonstrated high hydrolytic activity towards the insoluble fiber present in blueberry pomace. This reduction led to an increased concentration of oligosaccharides, peaking after 2 h of hydrolysis (59.8 mg/g). Additionally, the levels of phenolic acids and non-anthocyanin flavonoids reached their maximum after 4 h of hydrolysis (1.22 mg/g), enhancing the antioxidant capacity of the hydrolyzed product (FRAP and ABTS assays). Finally, phenolic extracts from treated and untreated blueberry pomace were tested to evaluate cytotoxic potential in cell viability assays (MTT) using gastric carcinoma (NCI-N87) and two colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2 and HT29-MTX) cells. Extracts obtained from Extralyve (R) (R) treatment, rich in isorhamnetin, quercetin and kaempferol, resulted in interesting antiproliferative actions compared with the other treated and untreated samples.