Better hospital context increases success of care pathway implementation on achieving greater teamwork: a multicenter study on STEMI care

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether hospital context influences the effect of care pathway implementation on teamwork processes and output in STEMI care. DESIGN: A multicenter pre-post intervention study. SETTING: Eleven acute hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Cardiologists-in-chief, nurse managers, quality staff, quality managers and program managers reported on hospital context. Teamwork was rated by professional groups (medical doctors, nurses, allied health professionals, other) in the following departments: emergency room, catheterization lab, coronary care unit, cardiology ward and rehabilitation. INTERVENTION: Care pathway covering in-hospital care from emergency services to rehabilitation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hospital context was measured by the five dimensions of the Model for Understanding Success in Quality: microsystem, quality improvement team, quality improvement support, high-level organization, external environment. Teamwork process measures reflected teamwork between professional groups within departments and teamwork between departments. Teamwork output was measured through the level of organized care. Two-level regression analysis accounted for clustering of respondents within hospitals and assessed the influence of hospital context on the impact of care pathway implementation on teamwork. RESULTS: Care pathway implementation significantly improved teamwork processes both between professional groups (P < 0.001) and between departments (P < 0.001). Teamwork output also improved (P < 0.001). The effect of care pathway implementation on teamwork was more pronounced when the quality improvement team and quality improvement support and capacity were more positively reported on. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitals can leverage the effect of quality improvement interventions such as care pathways by evaluating and improving aspects of hospital context.