Aggresome-forming TTRAP mediates pro-apoptotic properties of Parkinson's disease-associated DJ-1 missense mutations

Mutations in PARK7 DJ-1 have been associated with autosomal-recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). This gene encodes for an atypical peroxiredoxin-like peroxidase that may act as a regulator of transcription and a redox-dependent chaperone. Although large gene deletions have been associated with a loss-of-function phenotype, the pathogenic mechanism of several missense mutations is less clear. By performing a yeast two-hybrid screening from a human fetal brain library, we identified TRAF and TNF receptor-associated protein (TTRAP), an ubiquitin-binding domain-containing protein, as a novel DJ-1 interactor, which was able to bind the PD-associated mutations M26I and L166P more strongly than wild type. TTRAP protected neuroblastoma cells from apoptosis induced by proteasome impairment. In these conditions, endogenous TTRAP relocalized to a detergent-insoluble fraction and formed cytoplasmic aggresome-like structures. Interestingly, both DJ-1 mutants blocked the TTRAP protective activity unmasking a c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)- and p38-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)-mediated apoptosis. These results suggest an active role of DJ-1 missense mutants in the control of cell death and position TTRAP as a new player in the arena of neurodegeneration.