The Role of "Fatty Pancreas" and of BMI in the Occurrence of Pancreatic Fistula After Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Introduction Pancreatic fistula (PF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is still a serious complication. We hypothesized that the amount of fatty tissue in the pancreatic parenchyma could be associated with the occurrence of PF after PD with pancreatogastrostomy. Material and methods From January 2004 to December 2006, 111 consecutive patients underwent PD with pan c reatogastrostomy. The microscopic amount of fatty tissue in the pancreas was evaluated. Results The morbidity and mortality rates were 35.1% and 1.8%, respectively. PF occurred in 10.8% (n=12). PF was of grade A in nine, grade B in two, and grade C in one patient. Univariate analysis showed that a body mass index (BMI)>25 (P=0.035), a soft pancreatic parenchyma (P=<0.003), a pancreatic duct size <3 min (P=0.015), and a fatty infiltration of the pancreas of more than 10% (P=0.0003) were associated with the occurrence of PF. The advanced age (P=0.049) and the BMI (P<0.0001) were significantly associated with the presence of >10% of pancreatic fat. Conclusions A pancreatic fatty infiltration of the pancreas over 10% constitutes a risk factor for PF after PD. Age and BMI are useful preoperative predictors of the percentage of pancreatic fat.