Regolazione indipendente e politica energetica

[Machine translation] The most recent years have seen in the various EU countries, in addition to the development and consolidation of the public intervention model based on the independent regulation of markets, the resumption of industrial policy interventions by governments and parliaments. This poses, among other things, delicate problems of institutional design and in particular the relationship between the bodies responsible for independent regulation and the political bodies. The essay analyzes these problems with reference to the various sectors of public utilities and in particular to that of energy, proposing a reconstructive hypothesis of the regulations dictated at the EU and Italian levels aimed at adequately guaranteeing the independence of regulators despite the necessary connection between them and the governing bodies.