“Recommendations for clinical study protocols for immune and inflammatory profiling in Parkinson’s disease”

Laura Muñoz-Delgado; Caroline H. Williams-Gray; Gaetan Garraux; Diego Clemente; Özgür Öztop Çakmak; Julia C. Greenland; Inês Figueira; Isabel Machín-Díaz; Elenamaria Pirovano; Alessia di Flora; Clotilde Tournerie; Stamatia Papoutsopoulou; Sibel Ertan; Pablo Mir; Cristoforo Comi

doi:10.1038/s41531-025-01146-1

“Recommendations for clinical study protocols for immune and inflammatory profiling in Parkinson’s disease”

Laura Muñoz-Delgado
, Caroline H. Williams-Gray
, Gaetan Garraux
, Diego Clemente
, Özgür Öztop Çakmak
, Julia C. Greenland
, Inês Figueira
, Isabel Machín-Díaz
, Elenamaria Pirovano
, Alessia di Flora
, Clotilde Tournerie
, Stamatia Papoutsopoulou
, Sibel Ertan
, Pablo Mir
, Cristoforo Comi

Department of Translational Medicine

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

Abstract

Growing evidence supports the importance of immune processes in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, there is a need to improve the quality of observational clinical studies investigating the role of immunity in PD. In this context, an expert panel from the COST Action IMMUPARKNET (CA21117) aimed to develop guidance recommendations for conducting optimal immune profiling in PD. Firstly, criteria for inclusion and exclusion of participants, clinical data collection and participant stratification have been considered. Secondly, brain imaging of neuroinflammation has been reviewed. Finally, this review discusses sample collection, handling and storage of biological samples. In conclusion, this document aims to guide the scientific community in the optimal design of immune profiling studies in PD, so that we can generate robust and reliable data to advance our knowledge in this field.

Original language	English
Article number	299
Journal	npj Parkinson's Disease
Volume	11
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-025-01146-1
Publication status	Published - Dec 2025

Access to Document

10.1038/s41531-025-01146-1

Cite this

Muñoz-Delgado, L., Williams-Gray, C. H., Garraux, G., Clemente, D., Çakmak, Ö. Ö., Greenland, J. C., Figueira, I., Machín-Díaz, I., Pirovano, E., di Flora, A., Tournerie, C., Papoutsopoulou, S., Ertan, S., Mir, P., & Comi, C. (2025). “Recommendations for clinical study protocols for immune and inflammatory profiling in Parkinson’s disease”. npj Parkinson's Disease, 11(1), Article 299. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-025-01146-1

@article{24170014e6194c6bbf5104410ee3c285,

title = "“Recommendations for clinical study protocols for immune and inflammatory profiling in Parkinson{\textquoteright}s disease”",

abstract = "Growing evidence supports the importance of immune processes in Parkinson{\textquoteright}s disease (PD). However, there is a need to improve the quality of observational clinical studies investigating the role of immunity in PD. In this context, an expert panel from the COST Action IMMUPARKNET (CA21117) aimed to develop guidance recommendations for conducting optimal immune profiling in PD. Firstly, criteria for inclusion and exclusion of participants, clinical data collection and participant stratification have been considered. Secondly, brain imaging of neuroinflammation has been reviewed. Finally, this review discusses sample collection, handling and storage of biological samples. In conclusion, this document aims to guide the scientific community in the optimal design of immune profiling studies in PD, so that we can generate robust and reliable data to advance our knowledge in this field.",

author = "Laura Mu{\~n}oz-Delgado and Williams-Gray, \{Caroline H.\} and Gaetan Garraux and Diego Clemente and {\c C}akmak, \{{\"O}zg{\"u}r {\"O}ztop\} and Greenland, \{Julia C.\} and In{\^e}s Figueira and Isabel Mach{\'i}n-D{\'i}az and Elenamaria Pirovano and \{di Flora\}, Alessia and Clotilde Tournerie and Stamatia Papoutsopoulou and Sibel Ertan and Pablo Mir and Cristoforo Comi",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2025.",

year = "2025",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1038/s41531-025-01146-1",

language = "English",

volume = "11",

journal = "npj Parkinson's Disease",

issn = "2373-8057",

publisher = "Nature Research",

number = "1",

}

Muñoz-Delgado, L, Williams-Gray, CH, Garraux, G, Clemente, D, Çakmak, ÖÖ, Greenland, JC, Figueira, I, Machín-Díaz, I, Pirovano, E, di Flora, A, Tournerie, C, Papoutsopoulou, S, Ertan, S, Mir, P & Comi, C 2025, '“Recommendations for clinical study protocols for immune and inflammatory profiling in Parkinson’s disease”', npj Parkinson's Disease, vol. 11, no. 1, 299. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-025-01146-1

TY - JOUR

T1 - “Recommendations for clinical study protocols for immune and inflammatory profiling in Parkinson’s disease”

AU - Muñoz-Delgado, Laura

AU - Williams-Gray, Caroline H.

AU - Garraux, Gaetan

AU - Clemente, Diego

AU - Çakmak, Özgür Öztop

AU - Greenland, Julia C.

AU - Figueira, Inês

AU - Machín-Díaz, Isabel

AU - Pirovano, Elenamaria

AU - di Flora, Alessia

AU - Tournerie, Clotilde

AU - Papoutsopoulou, Stamatia

AU - Ertan, Sibel

AU - Mir, Pablo

AU - Comi, Cristoforo

PY - 2025/12

Y1 - 2025/12

N2 - Growing evidence supports the importance of immune processes in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, there is a need to improve the quality of observational clinical studies investigating the role of immunity in PD. In this context, an expert panel from the COST Action IMMUPARKNET (CA21117) aimed to develop guidance recommendations for conducting optimal immune profiling in PD. Firstly, criteria for inclusion and exclusion of participants, clinical data collection and participant stratification have been considered. Secondly, brain imaging of neuroinflammation has been reviewed. Finally, this review discusses sample collection, handling and storage of biological samples. In conclusion, this document aims to guide the scientific community in the optimal design of immune profiling studies in PD, so that we can generate robust and reliable data to advance our knowledge in this field.

AB - Growing evidence supports the importance of immune processes in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, there is a need to improve the quality of observational clinical studies investigating the role of immunity in PD. In this context, an expert panel from the COST Action IMMUPARKNET (CA21117) aimed to develop guidance recommendations for conducting optimal immune profiling in PD. Firstly, criteria for inclusion and exclusion of participants, clinical data collection and participant stratification have been considered. Secondly, brain imaging of neuroinflammation has been reviewed. Finally, this review discusses sample collection, handling and storage of biological samples. In conclusion, this document aims to guide the scientific community in the optimal design of immune profiling studies in PD, so that we can generate robust and reliable data to advance our knowledge in this field.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105019353190

U2 - 10.1038/s41531-025-01146-1

DO - 10.1038/s41531-025-01146-1

M3 - Review article

SN - 2373-8057

VL - 11

JO - npj Parkinson's Disease

JF - npj Parkinson's Disease

IS - 1

M1 - 299

ER -

“Recommendations for clinical study protocols for immune and inflammatory profiling in Parkinson’s disease”

Abstract

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this