Hepato-renal hydatid cyst: a case report of diagnosis and management of an uncommon disease presentation

Introduction: Hydatid cysts, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, are parasitic lesions that primarily affect the liver. However, extrahepatic involvement, including the kidneys, is rare and presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Case presentation: We report the case of a 34-year-old male diagnosed with peritoneal, hepatic, and right renal hydatid cysts. Diagnosis was confirmed through diagnostic imaging and serological testing. The patient was initially treated with albendazole to reduce parasitic load. Surgical intervention involved an en-bloc resection, including a right nephrectomy, non-anatomical resection of liver segments S4i-S5-S6-S1pc, and complete excision of a large central peritoneal cyst. Discussion: Management of complex hydatid disease requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating medical and surgical strategies to minimize recurrence and complications. Albendazole therapy plays a crucial role in preoperative preparation and reducing the risk of disease dissemination. Radical surgical excision remains the cornerstone of treatment, particularly in cases with multi-organ involvement. Conclusion: This case highlights the necessity of individualized, multidisciplinary management for extensive hydatid disease. Combining medical therapy with tailored surgical approaches ensures optimal patient outcomes. The patient's recovery was uneventful, with no recurrence observed at the 12-month follow-up.