Dal mondo del pane a un mondo senza pane

[Machine translation] Studying food means investigating material and immaterial dimensions that are the basis of human action. Shedding light on production, transformation and consumption systems, which are central themes from the perspective of anthropological analysis, becomes decisive for understanding other ways of living life., Bread is a significant result of this trajectory and the differences in flour, dough, leavening, shapes, cooking, production times and symbolic production times have given rise to an exceptional variety of outcomes in Italy: it is said that each country has its own bread, each bell tower has at least one, while some “occasions, not only solemn or festive but also humbly weekdays and daily” that define the cycle of the year and of life require the implementation of specific figurative and ornamental bread (Cirese, 1977, pp. 83-95). The “bread food and the bread sign” (Cirese, 1990) represents the nourishment that most encompasses the most urgent instances that humanity can express: “the story of birth, of living, of dying, of rising again; the dialectical need between immanence and transcendence such as that between nature and culture: the land that nourishes, the man who reaps, grinds, shapes, the water that melts, the yeast that swells, the fire that cooks, the man who eats, the divine who intervenes at all times” (Buttitta I. E., 2013, p. 327). Bread, in popular culture, thus becomes a marker of daily time and of the exceptional time of the festival.