Characterisation of Matrix-Bound Nanovesicles (MBVs) Isolated from Decellularised Bovine Pericardium: New Frontiers in Regenerative Medicine

Matrix-bound nanovesicles (MBVs) are a recently discovered type of extracellular vesicles (EVs), and they are characterised by a strong adhesion to extracellular matrix structural proteins (ECM) and ECM-derived biomaterials. MBVs contain a highly bioactive and tissue-specific cargo that recapitulates the biological activity of the source ECM. The rich content of MBVs has shown to be capable of potent cell signalling and of modulating the immune system, thus the raising interest for their application in regenerative medicine. Given the tissue-specificity and the youthfulness of research on MBVs, until now they have only been isolated from a few ECM sources. Therefore, the objective of this research was to isolate and identify the presence of MBVs in decellularised bovine pericardium ECM and to characterise their protein content, which is expected to play a major role in their biological potential. The results showed that nanovesicles, corresponding to the definition of recently described MBVs, could be isolated from decellularised bovine pericardium ECM. Moreover, these MBVs were composed of numerous proteins and cytokines, thus preserving a highly potential biological effect. Overall, this research shows that bovine pericardium MBVs show a rich and tissue-specific biological potential.