Biodiversità, risorse genetiche e diritti fondamentali in agricoltura

[Machine translation] The contribution is part of research that explores the multiple dimensions of law applied to the so-called green economy, offering in-depth analysis and innovative perspectives. Specifically, the essay focuses on a specific component of biodiversity: plant genetic resources in agriculture whose depletion has important effects in terms of loss of natural habitats, direct and indirect economic benefits, as well as the human knowledge translated into them. The essay investigates, within the framework of agrarian and food law, the sustainable use of genetic diversity as a protection of the human person (art. 2, Constitution; art. 2, ECHR) to which participatory, equitable and shared access to resources and the benefits that derive from them must be guaranteed, starting from the need to guarantee a decent income to farmers, encouraging good practices of use and exchange of resources, preserving traditional knowledge and promoting (art. 9, Cost.) the research and dissemination of its results, which must be open to everyone.