Biodiversità, risorse fitogenetiche e diritti fondamentali in agricoltura

[Machine translation] Biodiversity is a multifaceted concept that is defined by the multiplicity and coexistence of natural resources, of the totality of different organisms., Biological diversity summarizes heterogeneous interests that affect law because this, with its own discipline, makes it possible to identify tools useful for the conservation and enhancement of life., The focus in this study is on a specific component of biodiversity: plant genetic resources in agriculture whose depletion has important effects in terms of loss of natural habitats, direct and indirect economic benefits, as well as the human knowledge translated into them., Biodiversity has been mostly compressed by intellectual property rights with a consequent concentration of the agricultural commodities market in the hands of very few large agro-biotechnology companies. If the circulation of cultivated seeds were, on the contrary, at least partly disanchored from the proprietary logic that governs it, farmers could contribute their knowledge to strengthening genetic variability itself and consequently improving food availability., Along this line, research seeks to investigate the sustainable use of genetic diversity, as a protection of the human person (art. 2, Constitution; art. 2, ECHR) to which participatory, equitable and shared access to resources and the benefits that derive from them must be guaranteed, starting from the need to guarantee a decent income to farmers, supporting good practices of use and exchange of resources, safeguarding traditional knowledge and promoting (art. 9, Cost.) research and the dissemination of its results, which must be open to everyone.