Alterations of surface morphology caused by the metabolism of menadione in mammalian cells are associated with the oxidation of critical sulfhydryl groups in cytoskeletal proteins

Incubation of freshly-isolated (rat hepatocytes) or cultured (HeLa, GH₃, and McCoy) mammalian cells with menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) resulted in the appearance of numerous cell surface protrusions. The perturbation of surface structure was associated with an increase in the amount of cytoskeletal protein and the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups in actin, leading to the formation of high-molecular weight aggregates sensitive to treatment with thiol reductants. Our findings indicate that the oxidation of thiol groups in cytoskeletal proteins may be responsible for menadione-induced cell surface abnormalities in mammalian cells.