@article{03f97fe159334c4eac9316a014921090,
title = "A treatment planning code for inverse planning and 3D optimization in hadrontherapy",
abstract = "The therapeutic use of protons and ions, especially carbon ions, is a new technique and a challenge to conform the dose to the target due to the energy deposition characteristics of hadron beams. An appropriate treatment planning system (TPS) is strictly necessary to take full advantage. We developed a TPS software, ANCOD ++, for the evaluation of the optimal conformal dose. ANCOD ++ is an analytical code using the voxel-scan technique as an active method to deliver the dose to the patient, and provides treatment plans with both proton and carbon ion beams. The iterative algorithm, coded in C ++ and running on Unix/Linux platform, allows the determination of the best fluences of the individual beams to obtain an optimal physical dose distribution, delivering a maximum dose to the target volume and a minimum dose to critical structures. The TPS is supported by Monte Carlo simulations with the package GEANT3 to provide the necessary physical lookup tables and verify the optimized treatment plans. Dose verifications done by means of full Monte Carlo simulations show an overall good agreement with the treatment planning calculations. We stress the fact that the purpose of this work is the verification of the physical dose and a next work will be dedicated to the radiobiological evaluation of the equivalent biological dose.",
keywords = "Carbon ions, Hadrontherapy, Protons, Radiotherapy, Treatment planning system",
author = "F. Bourhaleb and F. Marchetto and A. Attili and G. Pitt{\`a} and R. Cirio and M. Donetti and S. Giordanengo and N. Givehchi and S. Iliescu and M. Krengli and \{La Rosa\}, A. and D. Massai and A. Pecka and J. Pardo and C. Peroni",
note = "Funding Information: None declared. Faiza Bourhaleb was born in Morocco in 1973. In 1997 she got her degree in theoretical physics at University Mohammed first (Oujda, Morocco). she prepared then her Ph.D. at the university of Turin (Italy) and presented it in 2002. The subject of her Ph.D. work was in the field of Monte Carlo simulations and treatment planning in hadrontherapy. She got a research position with the TERA foundation for 3 years. Now she is working at the university for the CNAO project (National Center for Oncological hadrontherapy) in studying the beam delivery line and interfacing the treatment system. Flavio Marchetto , born in Busano (To), Italy, received a Laurea (Degree) in Physics from the University of Torino in 1973. Since 1979, he has been working at the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare. His activities focused primarily in high energy physics research at Cern and Fermilab. From 1991 he is committed to research in Medical Physics, mainly development of innovative devices for radiotherapy and hadrontherapy. Andrea Attili was born in Rome, Italy, in 1972. He received a degree from the University of {\textquotedblleft}Roma Tre{\textquotedblright}, Rome, Italy, in 1997, and a Ph.D., from the same University, in 2003. Since 2005, he has been with the University of Torino, Italy, where he work as a postdoc fellow. His present research interests focus on hadrontherapy and biophysics. Giuseppe Pitt{\`a} received his M.Sc. degree in 2003, at the University of Turin (Italy), on the evaluation of the biological effect of therapeutic carbon ion beams. He then worked on detectors for beam monitoring online with Tera foundation. Now, he is working on radio-frequency for accelarators at CERN with ADAM spin-off. Roberto Cirio started in 1994 to work on applications in medical physics, in particular for the construction of devices for the control and dosimetry of radiotherapy with photons and hadrons, after spending 15 years working on high energy physics experiments. Marco Donetti was born in Torino, Italy, in 1967. He received a degree in Physics from the University of Torino, Italy, in 1996. He has been working with several research institutions developing detector for dose measurements in radiotherapy. Since 2004 he is a researcher of the CNAO Foundation. Simona Giordanengo was born in Cuneo, Italy, in 1977. He received a degree from the University of Torino, IT, in 2002 and since one year she is a Ph.D. student of the same University. Since 2002 she has been involved in medical research activity with the TERA group in the University of Torino. Her main research interests focus on beam monitoring and dose delivery systems for therapeutic hadron beams. Dr. Nasim Givehchi was born in Dezfool, Iran in 1976. She received B.Sc. degree in Molecular Atomic Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology in 1999 and M.Sc. degree in Nuclear Engineering, Azad University in 2004, Tehran, Iran. Currently she is a Ph.D. student in Torino University, Torino, Italy in Medical physics field. Her research activities focus on Characterisation and Performances of detectors to be used as online beam monitor and Quality Assurance devise for radiotherapy. Sarolta Iliescu was born in TIRGU MURES, RO, in 1975. She received a degree from the University of CLUJ NAPOCA, RO, in 1998, acknowledged by the University of TORINO, M.F.N. Science section in 2005. Since 2005, she has been with the INFN of TORINO, IT, where INFN participates to the European Integrated Project MAESTRO, B. Research Grant. Her research interests focus on development and characterization of pixel ionization chambers as dosimeter and online monitor in clinical radiation dosimetry. Marco Krengli is full professor of radiotherapy at the University of Piemonte Orientale {\textquotedblleft}Amedeo Avogadro{\textquotedblright} and Director of the Division of Radiotherapy at the Hospital {\textquotedblleft}Maggiore della Carita{\textquotedblright} in Novara, Italy. His main research fields include treatment of head and neck cancer, use of imaging for staging and radiotherapy planning and particle therapy. Alessandro La Rosa obtained his Ph.D. at the University of Torino (It) in 2006. In 2007, he received a fellowship at the INFN of Torino (It). Then he got a Guest Position at LBNL (CA, USA) where he was involved in the R\&D on monolithic pixel sensor for the International Linear Collider. Now, he is a Senior Fellow at CERN working on R\&D for Super-LHC tracking detector environment. Diana Massai was born in Turin, Italy, in 1979. She received her M.Sc. degree in Nuclear Engineering in 2006. From January 2007 she has been working as a Ph.D. student in Biomedical Engineering at the {\textquoteleft}Politecnico di Torino{\textquoteright}. Her research project is about computational biofluidodynamics and tissue engineering applied to cardiovascular regenerative medicine. Irene Alejandra Pecka Valencia was born in La Paz, Bolivia, in 1981. She received a degree from the University Mayor de San Andres, Bolivia in 2004, and since the same year she is doing her Ph.D. at the University of Torino, Italy. Her research interests are focused on the Radiation Therapy field, specially on Hadrontherapy. Juan Pardo Montero was born in Camanzo, Spain, in 1979. He received a degree in Particle Physics in 2001 and a Ph.D. in 2006, both from the University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Right now he is a postdoctoral fellow at the INFN (Torino, Italy). His research interests focus on dosimetry and QA in IMRT, liquid detectors for dosimetry and dose delivery in active scanning hadrontherapy. Cristiana Peroni , born in Trento, Italy, in 1949, Professor of Physics at the University of Torino. She has worked in the field of experimental high energy elementary particles with contributions to the study of the nucleon structure both at low and high momentum transfer. Presently active in medical physics, with main interests in the development of devices for the dosimetry and monitoring of therapeutical beams of photons, electrons and hadrons. ",
year = "2008",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1016/j.compbiomed.2008.07.005",
language = "English",
volume = "38",
pages = "990--999",
journal = "Computers in Biology and Medicine",
issn = "0010-4825",
publisher = "Elsevier Ltd.",
number = "9",
}